Special Journal of the Medical Academy and other Life Sciences.

Compressive analysis of polycystic ovarian syndrome in female students of Kursk from India, Malaysia and Africa

2025-09-20T22:32:48+00:00

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-aged women, characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology [1,2]. Beyond fertility concerns, PCOS has been associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk, and significant psychosocial distress [4,10,12]. The condition also profoundly affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL), with symptoms such as hirsutism, obesity, and menstrual irregularities contributing to psychological burden, especially among adolescents and women in culturally sensitive contexts [6,9,16].

Materials and Methods: This study employed a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed articles published between 1996 and 2023. Databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using keywords such as "PCOS", "quality of life", "metabolic syndrome", and "psychological distress". A total of 16 key studies were included based on relevance, methodological rigor, and population diversity [1–16]. Data were extracted on diagnostic criteria, metabolic and psychological outcomes, and HRQoL assessments including validated instruments like SF-36 and PCOSQ [13,15].

Results: Findings indicate that PCOS is strongly associated with reduced HRQoL across multiple domains, particularly emotional well-being, body image, and social functioning [8,14]. Hirsutism was identified as the most impactful symptom on HRQoL in Iranian and South Asian populations [6,9]. Adolescents with PCOS reported greater psychosocial distress compared to their peers [11,16]. Furthermore, variations in diagnostic criteria (NIH, Rotterdam, AES) influenced prevalence estimates and clinical management strategies [7]. Several studies reported a bidirectional relationship between metabolic dysfunction and mental health deterioration [5,12].

Conclusion: PCOS significantly impairs both physical and mental health, with profound effects on quality of life that extend beyond reproductive concerns. Addressing PCOS requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes not only medical and hormonal management but also psychosocial support and culturally sensitive counseling. Future research should focus on individualized interventions targeting both metabolic and psychological outcomes to improve long-term health in women with PCOS.

Modern Approaches to treatment of peptic ulcer in the practice of GPs from point of view of evidence - based medicine

2025-09-20T23:16:09+00:00

Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) remains a prevalent gastrointestinal condition that poses significant challenges in general practice. With the identification of Helicobacter pylori as a primary etiological agent and the growing use of NSAIDs, modern treatment has evolved significantly. The integration of evidence-based medicine (EBM) into clinical decision-making by general practitioners (GPs) plays a crucial role in optimizing patient outcomes. This study explores the application of EBM in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of PUD within primary care settings.

Materials and Methods: This research involves a comprehensive review of current clinical guidelines, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and consensus reports. Emphasis was placed on the effectiveness of H. pylori eradication therapies, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and preventive strategies for NSAID- and aspirin-induced ulcers. The analysis also evaluates the evolving role of GPs in managing complications and preventing recurrence using risk stratification and collaborative care models.

Results: Triple therapy with PPIs, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin remains the gold standard for H. pylori eradication. Novel acid blockers like venireman have demonstrated non-inferiority to traditional therapies. For NSAID-induced ulcers, co-prescription of PPIs and COX-2 inhibitors shows high preventive efficacy. Updated guidelines recommend early resumption of anticoagulants post-endoscopy in bleeding ulcers. The role of GPs is expanding to include early diagnosis, lifestyle counselling, and long-term follow-up for high-risk patients. Prevention remains a cornerstone, particularly among elderly and polypharmacy patients.

Conclusion: Modern management of PUD demands a shift from reactive treatment to proactive, evidence-based prevention. GPs, as frontline providers, are uniquely positioned to implement guideline-driven approaches, enhance patient education, and coordinate multidisciplinary care. Embracing current evidence ensures safer, more effective management and reduces the risk of complications such as bleeding or perforation.

Comprehensive assessment of breast health and cancer awareness understanding symptom recognition and breast self-examination among women in India, Malaysia, and Africa.

2025-09-21T14:40:19+00:00

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, with 2.3 million new cases and 670,000 deaths reported in 2022. Early detection through breast health awareness, symptom recognition, and breast self-examination (BSE) is critical, particularly in low-resource settings. This study examines breast health knowledge and BSE practices among women in India, Malaysia, and Africa.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 69 reproductive-aged women (18–45 years) from India, Malaysia, and Africa, primarily students at Kursk State Medical University. The questionnaire assessed demographics, menstrual history, family history, awareness of breast cancer risk factors and symptoms, and BSE practices.

Results: Significant regional variations were observed. African women reported higher use of imaging investigations and oral contraceptives but also experienced earlier menarche and frequent breast pain. Malaysian women had the highest prevalence of irregular menstrual cycles and identified more lumps during BSE. Indian women demonstrated greater awareness of BSE but lower adherence to regular practice. Socioeconomic status, cultural beliefs, and healthcare access strongly influenced breast health behaviors across regions.

Conclusion: The findings underscore disparities in breast health awareness and BSE practices across different populations. Culturally tailored education, community-based interventions, and improved access to preventive services are needed to close gaps in awareness and practice. Empowering women with knowledge and resources can support earlier detection and better outcomes in breast cancer care.

Impact of climate change on public health

2025-09-21T14:59:22+00:00

Background: Climate change is recognized as one of the greatest global health threats of the 21st century. Rising temperatures, shifting weather patterns, and the increasing frequency of extreme events have profound implications for human health. These include direct effects such as heat-related illnesses and respiratory conditions, as well as indirect consequences like the spread of vector-borne diseases, food insecurity, waterborne infections, and mental health challenges. Vulnerable populations—particularly children, the elderly, and low-income communities—bear the heaviest burden.

Materials and Methods: This paper synthesizes evidence from recent reports, global datasets, and peer-reviewed literature on the health impacts of climate change. Data from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), World Health Organization (WHO), World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and other sources were analyzed to highlight current and projected health outcomes, with emphasis on disparities across regions and populations.

Results: Findings show that climate change already contributes to approximately 13 million deaths annually worldwide. Heatwaves, floods, and wildfires are increasing morbidity and mortality rates, while warmer climates expand the geographical spread of malaria, dengue, and other vector-borne diseases. Food insecurity is expected to rise, placing millions at risk of malnutrition by 2050. Climate change also exacerbates respiratory illnesses through worsened air quality and drives psychological stress, anxiety, and depression, particularly among displaced and marginalized groups.

Conclusion: Climate change is not only an environmental issue but also a pressing public health crisis. Its diverse impacts amplify existing inequalities and strain healthcare systems worldwide. Addressing these challenges requires urgent global cooperation, integrating emission reduction with health-focused adaptation strategies. Strengthening health infrastructure, promoting resilience, and empowering vulnerable communities are essential to safeguarding health in the face of a changing climate.

The impact of teachers' words on pupils in shaping their future, artificial intelligence will definitely notice

2025-09-21T15:50:28+00:00

Background: The teacher talks more than all the students combined. He/she manages class activities by giving directions. Expresses the ideas by lecturing. Stimulates student participation by asking questions. Praises and encourages students from time to time. Most of the functions associated with teaching are implemented by verbal communication, as an important preparation for speeches at Scientific Congresses [33-38].

Materials and methods: Materials and methods: There were analyzed articles from Google Scholar, Scite - AI, PubMed database from the newest resources mentioned such words as “teacher”. “pupil”.

Results: In the last two decades, a large number of experimental evaluations have tested the impact of different approaches to teacher PD. On average, teachers spend 10.5 days per year attending courses, workshops, conferences. Most of the functions associated with teaching are implemented by verbal communication does exist and is not unimportant.

Conclusion: Teachers belong to a high demand occupational group and experience work related challenges and discretely diverse enotional turmoils of varying intensity while teaching and interacting with students. It is very important not to offend any chiald becouse it's shapes their future, which artificial intelligence will definitely notice [39].