Special Journal of the Medical Academy and other Life Sciences.

Importance of Orphan and Low Socioeconomic Backgrounds Education in Society

2025-02-01T06:38:27+00:00

Background: Education is a fundamental right, yet millions of children, particularly orphans and those from low socioeconomic backgrounds, lack access to quality education. These children face systemic challenges such as financial constraints, social stigma, and inadequate educational infrastructure. The resulting educational disparity perpetuates poverty and limits social mobility, underscoring the need for targeted interventions.

Methods and Materials: This project employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative insights. Field surveys, interviews, and collaborations with NGOs were conducted to assess the barriers to education for marginalized children. Secondary data from UNESCO, UNICEF, and other reputable sources were analyzed to identify best practices and evaluate policy frameworks. Key actions included community workshops, distribution of educational resources, and partnerships with local organizations.

Results: The project positively impacted over 900 children, increasing school enrollment and raising community awareness about the importance of education. Successful interventions included resource distribution, community-based schools, and public-private partnerships. However, systemic challenges such as funding limitations, cultural resistance, and sustainability concerns persisted, emphasizing the need for comprehensive policy advocacy and long-term solutions.

Conclusion: Investing in the education of orphans and children from low-income backgrounds is essential for societal progress. This study highlights the transformative potential of education in breaking the cycle of poverty and fostering community development. Collaboration among policymakers, educators, and community leaders is crucial to sustaining and scaling these initiatives for lasting impact.

Meningitis outbreaks in northern Nigeria: a public health crisis

2025-02-01T06:51:48+00:00

Background: Education is a fundamental right, yet millions of children, particularly orphans and those from low socioeconomic backgrounds, lack access to quality education. These children face systemic challenges such as financial constraints, social stigma, and inadequate educational infrastructure. The resulting educational disparity perpetuates poverty and limits social mobility, underscoring the need for targeted interventions.

Methods and Materials: This project employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative insights. Field surveys, interviews, and collaborations with NGOs were conducted to assess the barriers to education for marginalized children. Secondary data from UNESCO, UNICEF, and other reputable sources were analyzed to identify best practices and evaluate policy frameworks. Key actions included community workshops, distribution of educational resources, and partnerships with local organizations.

Results: The project positively impacted over 900 children, increasing school enrollment and raising community awareness about the importance of education. Successful interventions included resource distribution, community-based schools, and public-private partnerships. However, systemic challenges such as funding limitations, cultural resistance, and sustainability concerns persisted, emphasizing the need for comprehensive policy advocacy and long-term solutions.

Conclusion: Investing in the education of orphans and children from low-income backgrounds is essential for societal progress. This study highlights the transformative potential of education in breaking the cycle of poverty and fostering community development. Collaboration among policymakers, educators, and community leaders is crucial to sustaining and scaling these initiatives for lasting impact.

Health Disparities Among Migrant Workers During COVID-19 in Maldives

2025-02-01T07:03:31+00:00

Background: Migrant workers in the Maldives, primarily from South Asia, form a significant part of the workforce in sectors such as tourism and construction. Despite their crucial role in the economy, they face systemic health disparities exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Key issues include limited access to healthcare, overcrowded living conditions, poor mental health support, and social marginalization. This study explores how the pandemic intensified these inequalities and evaluates the effectiveness of public health responses.

Methods and Materials: A mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating surveys and interviews with migrant workers, healthcare providers, and policymakers. Quantitative data was gathered through structured questionnaires assessing healthcare access, living conditions, and mental health. Qualitative insights were obtained from in-depth interviews with stakeholders, focusing on policy gaps and lived experiences. Secondary data from government and NGO reports further contextualized the findings.

Results: Findings indicate that migrant workers encountered significant barriers to healthcare due to language differences, lack of health insurance, and fear of deportation. Overcrowded housing conditions facilitated the rapid spread of COVID-19, while mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression, were widespread but largely unaddressed. Public health measures, including quarantine and vaccination campaigns, were often inaccessible or inadequately adapted to the needs of migrant workers. Limited policy interventions failed to mitigate these disparities effectively.

Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed and deepened existing health inequalities among migrant workers in the Maldives. Addressing these disparities requires urgent policy reforms, improved healthcare access, and targeted public health interventions. A collaborative approach involving government agencies, NGOs, and community leaders is essential to ensure more equitable health outcomes for migrant workers, both during crises and in long-term healthcare strategies.

Endothelial dilatation

2025-02-01T07:33:07+00:00

Introduction: The edothelium releases factors that control vascular relaxation and contraction, thrombogenesis and fibrinolysis and platelet activation and inhibition. Endothelial cells actively and reactively participate in homeostasis and immune and inflammatory reactions. They regulate vascular tone [1].

Material and methods:There were analyzed articles from the PubMed database from the last 5 years 2019-2024, mentioning such words as “endothelium”, “nitric oxide”, as well as other literature that remains scientifically relevant.

Results: Primary endothelium-dependent substances that promote vascular relaxation are nitric oxide, prostacyclin, in collaboration with vascular contractile-endothelin including their physiology, mechanism of effect and determines role in endothelial dysfunction, up to the development of Acute Vascular Distress Syndrome [1-3]. They are involved in the manifestations of atherogenesis, autoimmune disease and infections processes. In humans endothelium-dependent regulation of vascular tone seems to be affected by ethnic origin.

Conclusion: Vascular tone is also regulated by adipokines and yet unidentified factors that are released from perivascular adipose tissue. These relaxing factors stimulate potassium chanell opening in vascular smooth muscle cells and could fight vascular dysfunction, the elimination of which stabilizes homeostasis [4-34].

Allopregnanolone, Gap Difference Blood Plasma (Pl) > Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) ( Allopregnanolone Gap Pl > CFS) - biomarker of Status Epilepticus (SE)

2025-02-01T07:46:02+00:00

Introduction: Allopregnanolone (APG) is a neuro-steroid, and the metabolite of the progesterone [6]. In animal model it was presented that APG had neuroprotective, anti-seizure effects [7], and the analgesic properties, that have been candidates as biomarkers therapeutic targets for pain [8]. Some studies showed a modulatory effect on gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA-A) receptor, that how it intensified inhibitory effect on tonic phase of seizures. Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency with the incidence rate, approximately 7 to 40 cases per 100,000 persons/year. The mortality of SE is approximately from 7,6-22%.

Material and Methods: This paper provides a literature-review, using PubMed database, based on English articles. Key words used in the searching were: allopregnanolone, biomarkers and Status Epilepticus. Source selection was made from 1938 to the present [6-15].

Results: Literature analysis didn’t find a correlation between APG serum level, but it was showed a decreased level of APG in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with SE. However, not in all samples was found APG. Also, it was analyzed the possibility of sex correlation, between males and females, but samples from both groups, showed such APG levels from CSF. Also, it was analyzed levels of pregnanolone sulfate, a neuro-steroid with an excitatory effect on Central Nervous System (CNS), but stable ranges in CSF were noted. A recent study used APG and Perampanel as adjuncts to Midazolam (MDZ) treatment of SE in animals. They tried combination between Perampanel and MDZ that showed slow action, APG and MDZ showed fast action and persistent suppression on electroencephalogram in 80 % of cases; and combination of APG, Perampanel and MDZ showed fast suppression and elimination of seizure in all animals [12]. Another study used a different combination MDZ-Ketamine - APG in rats, also with good outcome [13]. First report of administration in continuous infusion of APG in patients in 2017, in two cases, showed a good recovery from refractory SE [14]. Intravenous Phenytoin has also proven itself in the ICU, in the context of neurovegetative correction [16] when monitoring the patient [17,18].

Conclusion: Allopregnanolone Gap Difference Blood Plasma (Pl) > Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) ( Allopregnanolone Gap Pl > CFS) can be used as a biomarker of SE. That why, APG can be therapeutic target in patients with low level in CSF [19].