A New Hallmark of Cancer: Stemness
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58676/sjmas.v1i1.3Keywords:
Hallmark of Cancer, cancer, StemnessAbstract
Background. The term ‘cancer’ often describes malignant tumors. The issue of cancerous stem cells is not a novelty but has existed for centuries. Different civilizations have handled the stem cell subject depending on the knowledge at hand. A hallmark is a distinguishing factor that separates cancers from other conditions. Hence, there have been arguments about the exclusion or inclusion criteria for the six original hallmarks. This review will introduce stemness as a new hallmark for cancer and argue why it should get included. Thus, future studies will focus on how the tumor microenvironment can get used to fight cancer.
Methodology. A methodology of literature search using "stemness" as the keyword gets used in the review to avoid biasedness.
Results. Stem cells can undergo physiological changes to form malignant cells. Cancer cells are in a variety of cells in the body. The microenvironment of the tumor cells promotes their progression by nourishing them.
Conclusions. The results imply that stemness is the behavior of stem cells to self-renew and differentiate to form cells in all organisms. Stem cells are present in all types of hematological and solid cancers. It means that a problem in the self-renewal or differentiation process can lead to the formation of tumors or tumorigenic.
References
Afify, S. M. & Seno, M., 2019. Conversion of stem cells to cancer stem cells: Undercurrent of cancer initiation. Cancers, 11(345), pp. 1-19.
Aponte, P. M. & Caicedo, A., 2017. Stemness in cancer: Stem cells, cancer stem cells, and their microenvironment. Stem Cells International.
Arcangeli, A., Crociani, O., & Bencini, L. (2014). Interaction of tumor cells with their microenvironment: ion channels and cell adhesion molecules. A focus on pancreatic cancer. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 369(1638), 20130101. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0101
Banyai, D., Sarlos, D. P., Nagy, A. & Kovacs, G., 2018. Recalling Cohnheim's theory: Papillary renal cell tumor as a model of tumorigenesis from impaired embryonal differentiation to malignant tumors in adults. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 14(7), pp. 784-790.
Cai, J., Weiss, M. L., & Rao, M. S. (2004). In search of “stemness.” Experimental Hematology, 32(7), 585–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exphem.2004.03.013
Fouad, Y. A. & Aanei, C., 2017. Revisiting the hallmarks of cancer. American Journal of Cancer Research, 7(5), pp. 1016-1036.
Hanahan, D. & Weinberg, R. A., (2011). Hallmarks of cancer: The next generation. Cell, Volume 144, pp. 646–674.
Herdon, J. (2022). How Cancer Was First Discovered and Treated [Review of How Cancer Was First Discovered and Treated]. https://www.verywellhealth.com/the-history-of-cancer-514101
Howell, J. Y., & Ramsey, M. L. (2019, December 16). Cancer, Squamous Cell of the Skin. Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441939/
Malta, T. M. et al., 2018. Machine learning identifies stemness features associated with oncogenic dedifferentiation. Cell, 173(2), pp. 338-354.
Menendez, J. A. & Alarcón, T., 2014. Metabostemness: A new cancer hallmark. Frontiers in Oncology, 4(262), pp. 1-21.
Moharil, R. B., Dive, A., Khandekar, S. & Bodhade, A., 2017. Cancer stem cells: An insight. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, 21(3), p. 463.
N. Tzenios, "LEARNER-CENTERED TEACHING." [7] N. Tzenios, M. E. Tazanios, and M. Chahine, "The impact of body mass index on prostate cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis," Medicine, vol. 101, no. 45, p. e30191, 2022. [8]
N. Tzenios, F. FRSPH, and F. FWAMS, "CONTRIBUTE TO RAISING AWARENESS IN A COMMUNITY," EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 122-124, 2022. [9]
N. Tzenios, M. E. Tazanios, O. B. J. Poh, and M. Chahine, "The Effects of Ketogenic Diet on the Immune System: A Meta-Analysis," 2022. [10] N. Tzenios, "Student-led Learning Theory," 2022.
Pernot, S., Evrard, S., & Khatib, A.-M. (2022). The Give-and-Take Interaction Between the Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Cells Regulating Tumor Progression and Repression. Frontiers in Immunology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.850856
Sancho, P., Barneda, D. & Heeschen, C., 2016. Hallmarks of cancer stem cell metabolism. British Journal of Cancer, 114(2), pp. 1305 - 1312.
Sotgia, F., Fiorillo, M. & Lisanti, M. P., 2019. Hallmarks of the cancer cell of origin: Comparisons with "energetic" cancer stem cells (e-CSCs). Aging (Albany NY), 11(3), pp. 1065-1068.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Professor Nikolaos Tzenios
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
